Endnotes vs. in-text references
There is no Speeches standard when it comes to endnotes vs. in-text references—flip through a past volume of BYU Speeches and you will see speeches with endnotes and speeches with in-text references. In fact, some may have in-text scriptural references and endnotes for all other references.
As a general rule of thumb, we follow the lead of what the speaker did when he or she composed the manuscript. If there gets to be a fair number of long in-text references, though, we tend to switch to endnotes.
There are far too many things to detail here when it comes to Speeches documentation, but following are a few important things to know:
List of abbreviations
These are found in the front of every annual volume of BYU Speeches; they are used in Speeches citations in order to forgo spelling out long names and titles used frequently.
CR—Conference Reports of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
DBY—Young, Brigham. Discourses of Brigham Young. Selected by John A. Widtsoe. Salt Lake City: Deseret Book Company, 1941.
GD—Smith, Joseph F. Gospel Doctrine. 5th ed. Salt Lake City: Deseret Book Company, 1939.
GI—McKay, David O. Gospel Ideals. 2nd printing. Salt Lake City: Improvement Era, 1954.
GS—Grant, Heber J. Gospel Standards. Compiled by G. Homer Durham. Salt Lake City: Improvement Era, 1941.
HC—Smith, Joseph. History of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. 7 vols. 2nd ed. revised. Edited by B. H. Roberts. Salt Lake City: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1932–51.
Hymns—Hymns. Revised and enlarged. Salt Lake City: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1948 and 1985.
JD—Journal of Discourses. 26 vols. London: Latter-day Saints’ Book Depot, 1854–86.
Lectures on Faith. Compiled by N. B. Lundwall. Salt Lake City: N. B. Lundwall, n.d.
MD—McConkie, Bruce R. Mormon Doctrine. 2nd ed. Salt Lake City: Bookcraft, 1966.
PPP—Pratt, Parley P. Autobiography of Parley P. Pratt. Edited by his son Parley P. Pratt. Salt Lake City: Deseret Book Company, 1973, 1985, 1994.
Sing—Sing with Me: Songs for Children. Salt Lake City: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1970.
Songbook—Children’s Songbook. Salt Lake City: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1989, 1995.
Teachings—Smith, Joseph. Teachings of the Prophet Joseph Smith. Selected by Joseph Fielding Smith. Salt Lake City: Deseret Book Company, 1938.
TETB—Benson, Ezra T. The Teachings of Ezra Taft Benson. Salt Lake City: Bookcraft, 1988.
TGBH—Hinckley, Gordon B. Teachings of Gordon B. Hinckley. Salt Lake City: Deseret Book Company, 1997.
TSWK—Kimball, Spencer W. The Teachings of Spencer W. Kimball. Edited by Edward L. Kimball. Salt Lake City: Bookcraft, 1982.
"See" citations
When a source is not directly quoted, and is simply referenced or added as supplementary material, precede it with "see":
see Neal A. Maxwell, “Free to Choose,” BYU 2003–2004 Speeches [Provo: BYU, 2004], 217–21
When material is quoted, however, do not use "see" in front of the citation:
Marion G. Romney, “Guidance of the Holy Spirit,” BYU devotional speech, 20 March 1979
Page numbers
Chicago 9.64 is especially helpful in determining how to cite inclusive numbers:
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Unidentified quoted material
Just because part of the text doesn't have quotes around it doesn't mean it hasn't been lifted from another source. It's always a good idea to spot check portions of a work to make sure it's original, and if it's not, put quotes around the material that's been quoted and provide attribution. If a passage very closely resembles, but is not identical to, another source, Karen prefers that it is adjusted to match the source and cited.
This is the kind of paragraph you'd want to look closely at:
President Packer illustrated this principle with his story of the little girl who prayed that her brother would not catch birds in his trap. After she prayed, she told her mother that she was positive her brother wouldn’t catch any more birds. Her mother asked her how she knew. The little girl replied that after she prayed she went out and kicked the trap to pieces (see Boyd K. Packer, “Prayer and Promptings,” Ensign, Nov. 2009, 46).
Church magazine citations
Following is an example of how to cite a Church magazine. Make sure to spell out the issue's month:
(see Boyd K. Packer, “Prayer and Promptings,” Ensign, November 2009, 46).
To cite an entire talk:
(see President Thomas S. Monson, “Be Your Best Self,” Ensign, May 2009, 67–70).
Sometimes "see" references are their own sentence; in that case, the period goes inside the parenthesis.
(See President Thomas S. Monson, “Be Your Best Self,” Ensign, May 2009, 67–70.)
Note that if the entire article title is in quotes, for example if it's a scriptural phrase, you don't have to represent that by using single quotes inside the double quotes we use to identify the title of the article:
(Julie B. Beck, “And upon the Handmaids in Those Days Will I Pour Out My Spirit,” Ensign, May 2010, 10).
Make sure that the author's full name comes before their quote. This can be tough to remember when the quote comes from a General Authority because Elder So and So sounds so natural to our ears, and Elder John A. So and So isn't used as much. See below for an example:
When a sentence is left out, make sure there are three periods and three spaces in between sentences to form ellipses (these two sentences are from 2 different paragraphs)—make sure Word doesn't authomatically turn those three periods into Word's character for ellipses, which is three periods with no spaces:
You want:
. . .
not:
...
Elder Richard G. Scott recently taught us, “Therefore, we are led to seek personal inspiration in life’s important decisions. . . . That assistance will come to you through the Holy Ghost as spiritual guidance” (“To Acquire Spiritual Guidance,” Ensign, November, 2009, 6, 8).
Note that brackets replace text, so when using brackets no ellipses are necessary.
Sometimes you can get the punctuation you need by placing the ellipses right before it:
By the end of the first year of this mission, Brother Woodruff records that he “had traveled three thousand two hundred and forty-eight miles, held one hundred and seventy meetings, baptized forty-three persons . . . , organized three branches, ordained two teachers and one deacon” (Wilford Woodruff, 58).
Remember that BYU Style says to cap references to Diety (including pronouns, and not "who" or "whose") except when it was printed uncapped in quotes or hymns. The rule of thumb is to keep it as appears in quoted material and fix it everywhere else.
The Lord knows when each sparrow falls. He knows each of us. He wants to be involved in the details of our lives, and the whispering of the Spirit is one of the ways he does this. Prayer is one way that we invite him to give us this blessing.
Scriptures
BYU Speeches style follows the Church Style Guide in regard to scripture citations. See 11.1–11.24 in the Church Style Guide on quotations as well as 16.16–16.18 on citing scriptures.
We use the FARMS document “Book of Mormon Authorship Chronology” by Alvin C. Rencher to verify attributions such as “Alma said . . .” or “King Benjamin taught . . .” For example, Moroni is usually the one speaking in the Book of Ether and significant portions of the Book of Moroni were actually spoken by Mormon. This document indicates who is speaking line by line throughout the entire Book of Mormon. (A copy is in a binder in your office.)
A couple other good helps:
Book of Mormon Boolean search
LDS Scriptures Search
There is way too much information to get through here, but here are a few things to think about that will help you get an idea of what kinds of things your fellow editors are on the lookout for:
When a scriptural fragment is included as part of a complete sentence, ignore the capitalization at the beginning of the scripture. In the following example, "cry" is capped in the actual scripture:
In Alma 34:20 we are invited to “cry unto him when ye are in your fields, yea, over all your flocks”
Ignore italics in scriptures and keep everything roman, unless the speaker adds italics for emphasis, and then it's okay to retain them. But make an addition to the citation:
[John 3:16; emphasis added]
Use "see" at the beginning of a reference if no material is quoted, yet ideas drawn from the source are present:
He prayed again, like the people of Alma who prayed silently and had their burdens lifted (see Mosiah 24:12–15).
The speaker may also use a "see" reference to refer the reader to additional material.
We use D&C, not Doctrine and Covenants. The following would be incorrect:
He quoted from Doctrine and Covenants 84:57 the following:
and should read
He quoted from D&C 84:57 the following:
If a scripture ends with a punctuation different than a period, it's okay in the quoted material to end it with a period:
Actual scripture: "And we dwelt in a tent—"
Speeches treatment: "And we dwelt in a tent" (citation).
Note that second references don't need citations. For example, if John 3:16 was quoted and cited earlier in the speech, and the speaker in the final line of their talk quoted from it again, no second citation is necessary.
When a speaker makes an aside in the middle of a scripture, just put it in brackets:
And He promises gifts of the Spirit if we are obedient: “For verily I say unto you, they [the gifts of the Spirit] are given for the benefit of those who love me and keep all my commandments, and him that seeketh so to do” (D&C 46:9).
If the aside is made in a block quote, do not italicize the brackets or the bracketed material:
And He promises gifts of the Spirit if we are obedient:
For verily I say unto you, they [the gifts of the Spirit] are given for the benefit of those who love me and keep all my commandments, and him that seeketh so to do. [D&C 46:9]
An angel of the Lord intervened, and yet the older brothers murmured, asking, “How is it possible that the Lord will deliver Laban into our hands?” (1 Nephi 3:31).
